Gesetze zum US-Exportrecht

zuletzt geändert am 17.11.2023

Das US-Exportkontrollrecht ist „ein kompliziertes, verwirrendes System von Gesetzen und Vorschriften, das von einer Vielzahl von Behörden verwaltet wird“.

Eric L. Hirschhorn, Brian J. Egan, and Edward J. Krauland, US Export Controls & Economic Sanctions, 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022, p. xxiii.

Export Administration Regulations (EAR) Parts 730 – 775-780 CFR

Part 730 General Information 730.1 – 730.10
Part 732 Steps for Using the EAR 732.1 – 732.6
Part 734 Scope of the Export Administration Regulations 734.1 – 734.20
Part 736 General Prohibitions 736.1 – 736.2
Part 738 Commerce Control List Overview and the Country Chart 738.1 – 738.4
Part 740 License Exceptions 740.1 – 740.22
Part 742 Control Policy—CCL Based Controls 742.1 – 742.19
Part 743 Special Reporting and Notification 743.1 – 743.6
Part 744 Control Policy: End-User and End-Use Based 744.1 – 744.23
Part 745 Chemical Weapons Convention Requirements 745.1 – 745.2
Part 746 Embargoes and Other Special Controls 746.1 – 746.10
Part 747 [Reserved]
Part 748 Applications (Classification, Advisory, and License) and Documentation 748.1 – 748.15
Part 750 Application Processing, Issuance, and Denial 750.1 – 750.11
Part 752 [Reserved]
Part 754 Short Supply Controls 754.1 – 754.7
Part 756 Appeals and Judicial Review 756.1 – 756.3
Part 758 Export Clearance Requirements and Authorities 758.1 – 758.11
Part 760 Restrictive Trade Practices or Boycotts 760.1 – 760.5
Part 762 Recordkeeping 762.1 – 762.7
Part 764 Enforcement and Protective Measures 764.1 – 764.8
Part 766 Administrative Enforcement Proceedings 766.1 – 766.25
Part 768 Foreign Availability Determination Procedures and Criteria 768.1 – 768.10
Part 770 Interpretations 770.1 – 770.3
Part 772 Definitions of Terms 772.1
Part 774 The Commerce Control List 774.1 – 774.2

Sanktionen Parts 501 – 599 CFR

Part 501 Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations 501.101 – 501.901
Part 510 North Korea Sanctions Regulations 510.101 – 510.901
Part 515 Cuban Assets Control Regulations 515.101 – 515.901
Part 525 Burma Sanctions Regulations 525.101 – 525.901
Part 526 Hostages and Wrongful Detention Sanctions Regulations 526.101 – 526.901
Part 535 Iranian Assets Control Regulations 535.101 – 535.905
Part 536 Narcotics Trafficking Sanctions Regulations 536.100 – 536.901
Part 539 Weapons of Mass Destruction Trade Control Regulations 539.101 – 539.901
Part 541 Zimbabwe Sanctions Regulations 541.101 – 541.901
Part 542 Syrian Sanctions Regulations 542.101 – 542.901
Part 544 Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators Sanctions Regulations 544.101 – 544.901
Part 546 Darfur Sanctions Regulations 546.101 – 546.901
Part 547 Democratic Republic of the Congo Sanctions Regulations 547.101 – 547.901
Part 548 Belarus Sanctions Regulations 548.101 – 548.901
Part 549 Lebanon Sanctions Regulations 549.101 – 549.901
Part 550 Ethiopia Sanctions Regulations 550.101 – 550.901
Part 551 Somalia Sanctions Regulations 551.101 – 551.901
Part 552 Yemen Sanctions Regulations 552.101 – 552.901
Part 553 Central African Republic Sanctions Regulations 553.101 – 553.901
Part 555 Mali Sanctions Regulations 555.101 – 555.901
Part 558 South Sudan Sanctions Regulations 558.101 – 558.901
Part 560 Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations 560.101 – 560.901
Part 561 Iranian Financial Sanctions Regulations 561.101 – 561.901
Part 562 Iranian Sector and Human Rights Abuses Sanctions Regulations 562.101 – 562.901
Part 566 Hizballah Financial Sanctions Regulations 566.101 – 566.901
Part 569 Syria-Related Sanctions Regulations 569.101 – 569.901
Part 570 Libyan Sanctions Regulations 570.101 – 570.901
Part 576 Iraq Stabilization and Insurgency Sanctions Regulations 576.101 – 576.901
Part 578 Cyber-Related Sanctions Regulations 578.101 – 578.901
Part 579 Foreign Interference in U.S. Elections Sanctions Regulations 579.101 – 579.901
Part 582 Nicaragua Sanctions Regulations 582.101 – 582.901
Part 583 Global Magnitsky Sanctions Regulations 583.101 – 583.901
Part 584 Magnitsky Act Sanctions Regulations 584.101 – 584.901
Part 585 Hong Kong-Related Sanctions Regulations 585.101 – 585.901
Part 586 Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Sanctions Regulations 586.101 – 586.901
Part 587 Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations 587.101 – 587.901
Part 588 Western Balkans Stabilization Regulations 588.101 – 588.901
Part 589 Ukraine-/Russia-Related Sanctions Regulations 589.101 – 589.901
Part 590 Transnational Criminal Organizations Sanctions Regulations 590.101 – 590.901
Part 591 Venezuela Sanctions Regulations 591.101 – 591.901
Part 592 Rough Diamonds Control Regulations 592.101 – 592.801
Part 594 Global Terrorism Sanctions Regulations 594.101 – 594.901
Part 596 Terrorism List Governments Sanctions Regulations 596.101 – 596.901
Part 597 Foreign Terrorist Organizations Sanctions Regulations 597.101 – 597.901
Part 598 Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Sanctions Regulations 598.101 – 598.901
Part 599 Illicit Drug Trade Sanctions Regulations 599.101 – 599.901

Executive Orders (EO)

Executive Orders sind Dekrete des US-Präsidenten. Sie werden seit 1789 erlassen und haben ihre Grundlage in Art. 2 der Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten, der dem Präsidenten weitreichende Vollzugs- und Durchsetzungsbefugnisse verleiht, die es ihnen ermöglichen, nach eigenem Ermessen zu entscheiden, wie sie das Gesetz durchsetzen oder die Ressourcen und das Personal der Exekutive anderweitig verwalten. Sie betreffen nicht nur Fragen des Außenwirtschaftsrechts und der Exportkontrolle, sondern werden in einer Vielzahl von Bereichen erlassen.

Beispiele:

EO 14071 vom 6. April 2022 (Joe Biden):
Prohibiting New Investment in and Certain Services to the Russian Federation in Response to Continued Russian Federation Aggression

EO 13894 vom 14. Oktober 2019 (Donald Trump):
Blocking Property and Suspending Entry of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Syria

EO 13873 vom 15. Mai 2019 (Donald Trump):
Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain (HUAWEI)

Liste der EOs seit 1994

 

Joseph R. Biden Jr.

Joseph R. Biden Jr. erließ zwischen 2021 und 2023 bisher 122 executive orders

2023 EO 14091 – EO 14106
2022 EO 14062 – EO 14090
2021 EO 13985 – EO 14061

 

Donald Trump

Donald Trump erließ zwischen 2017 und 2021 insgesamt 220 executive orders

2021 EO 13971 – EO 13984
2020 EO 13902 – EO 13970
2019 EO 13857 – EO 13901
2018 EO 13820 – EO 13856
2017 EO 13765 – EO 13819

 

Barack Obama

Barack Obama erließ zwischen 2009 und 2017 insgesamt 276 executive orders

2017 EO 13758 – EO 13764
2016 EO 13716 – EO 13757
2015 EO 13687 – EO 13715
2014 EO 13656 – EO 13686
2013 EO 13636 – EO 13655
2012 EO 13597 – EO 13635
2011 EO 13563 – EO 13596
2010 EO 13526 – EO 13562
2009 EO 13489 – EO 13527

 

George W. Bush

George W. Bush erließ zwischen 2001 und 2009 insgesamt 291 executive orders

2009 EO 13484 – EO 13488
2008 EO 13454 – EO 13483
2007 EO 13422 – EO 13453
2006 EO 13395 – EO 13421
2005 EO 13369 – EO 13394
2004 EO 13324 – EO 13368
2003 EO 13283 – EO 13323
2002 EO 13252 – EO 13282
2001 EO 13198 – EO 13251

 

William J. Clinton

William J. Clinton erließ zwischen 1994 und 2001 insgesamt 263 executive orders

2001 EO 13186 – EO 13197
2000 EO 13145 – EO 13185
1999 EO 13110 – EO 13144
1998 EO 13072 – EO 13109
1997 EO 13034 – EO 13071
1996 EO 12985 – EO 13033
1995 EO 12945 – EO 12984
1994 EO 12891 – EO 12944